The aim of this text is to investigate a little-known aspect of John Locke’s work: the relationship between philosophy and his medical practice. This theme is justified because his philosophical conception is widely known, but his studies in the field of medicine are practically ignored in Brazil. To accomplish this task, the article is divided into threeparts: in the first, we will address the debate on English medical practice in the seventeenth century; in the second, Locke’s penchant for medicine and, (...) finally, in the third, Locke’s medical practice. We hope that this text can contribute to the advancement of research on John Locke in Brazil,especially on his relationship with medicine. (shrink)

The world of work has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the high instability observed in the labor market, bringing several new challenges for leaders and employees. The present study aims to analyze the role of organizational and job resources in predicting employees’ job insecurity during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, through the mediating role of work engagement. A sample of 207 Portuguese employees participated, of which 64.7% were women. Data was collected using an online (...) survey, including self-report measures of organizational resources, job resources, job insecurity, and work engagement. Data showed that job and organizational resources negatively influenced job insecurity. Moreover, work engagement was a significant mediator of the relation between performance feedback and job insecurity. Findings suggest that investing in job and organizational resources can act as protective factors to minimize feelings of job insecurity. Likewise, leaders should foster work engagement among employees to help them balance the relation between these resources and job insecurity, especially in crisis situations. Overall, this study takes a new, underexplored perspective, theoretically bridging organizational and job resources with job insecurity and work engagement during a time of great uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

Our goal was to explore self‐care practices among men who have sex with men in the context of Mpox in Brazil. This study used qualitative research methods, including interviews and thematic analysis, to collect and analyze data from male participants across the Brazilian territory. The narratives unveil men's perspectives on self‐care, risk reduction, and health beliefs during the Mpox pandemic. Our findings highlight a multifaceted approach to self‐care among men, encompassing hygiene, physical contact management, mask usage, skin lesion vigilance, and (...) adherence to official guidelines. Men's attitudes toward sexual behaviors emphasize the importance of reducing sexual partners, practicing safe sex, and combating misinformation through accurate information dissemination. The development of these behaviors and self‐care practices can be facilitated by nurses guided by Dorothea Orem's Self‐Care Theory, supported by patient‐centered care, with strategies to address and confront the stigma associated with the disease and provide emotional support. Thus, the study underscores the pivotal role of self‐care in mitigating infection risks, especially in the context of emerging infectious diseases. It acknowledges the impact of socio‐cultural factors and healthcare policies on men's preventive measures. However, it also recognizes limitations, such as potential bias due to stigma concerns and a nonrepresentative sample. Ultimately, the research advocates for tailored education, promotion of gender equity, and healthcare empowerment to effectively manage health risks in such contexts. (shrink)

This paper explores the notion of reciprocity in the context of active pulmonary and laryngeal tuberculosis treatment and related control policies and practices. We seek to do three things: First, we sketch the background to contemporary global TB care and suggest that poverty is a key feature when considering the treatment of TB patients. We use two examples from TB care to explore the role of reciprocity: isolation and the use of novel TB drugs. Second, we explore alternative means of (...) justifying the use of reciprocity through appeal to different moral and political theoretical traditions. We suggest that each theory can be used to provide reasons to take reciprocity seriously as an independent moral concept, despite any other differences. Third, we explore general meanings and uses of the concept of reciprocity, with the primary intention of demonstrating that it cannot be simply reduced to other more frequently invoked moral concepts such as beneficence or justice. We argue that reciprocity can function as a mid-level principle in public health, and generally, captures a core social obligation arising once an individual or group is burdened as a result of acting for the benefit of others. We conclude that while more needs to be explored in relation to the theoretical justification and application of reciprocity, sufficient arguments can be made for it to be taken more seriously as a key principle within public health ethics and bioethics more generally. (shrink)

Powers and Faden argue that social justice ‘is concerned with securing and maintaining the social conditions necessary for a sufficient level of well-being in all of its essential dimensions for everyone’ (2006: 50). Moreover, social justice is concerned with the ‘achievement of well-being, not the freedom or capability to achieve well-being’ (p. 40). Although Powers and Faden note that an agent alone cannot achieve well-being without the necessary social conditions of life (e.g. equal civil liberties and basic material resources, such (...) as food and shelter), it seems that achievement requires that an agent actually pursue the six dimensions of well-being. In this article, I question the extent to which an individual has an obligation to achieve well-being, even if he or she would choose to do otherwise. For example, can an agent choose to forgo being healthy even if all the social conditions are met in her life, thereby choosing to not achieve well-being? It remains unclear how the dimension of self-determination coheres with the remaining five dimensions of well-being and the extent of society’s obligations toward an individual’s achievement of well-being, even in those instances when society’s actions may go against an individual’s right to self-determination. (shrink)

A partir da temática abordada no filme Gattaca - a experiência genética , que trata de uma sociedade adepta da eugenia; mostraremos quais são as implicações morais que essa prática pode ocasionar em uma sociedade, bem como as diversas discriminações. Em contra-argumento a essa prática, abordaremos a teoria de Peter Singer em prol do princípio da igual consideração de interesses, demonstrando que dessa maneira teríamos sociedades menos discriminatórias. Enfim, queremos mostrar que caso não nos alertemos para as questões abordadas por (...) Singer, nós, agentes morais, faremos emergir uma sociedade preconceituosa, tal como vemos no filme Gattaca.: From selected themes in the movie Gattaca - A genetic experiment that describes a eugenics society, we will show what are the moral implications of the eugenic practice to the society as well as its several kinds of discrimination. We will argue against such practice by appropriating Peter Singer’s theory on behalf of the principle of equal consideration of interests by showing that societies based on it would be less discriminatory. Finally, we show that if we do not consider the issues raised by Singer we, moral agents, will make emerge a prejudiced society similar to that narrated by the movie Gattaca. Key words : Moral, Equality, Eugenie, discrimination. (shrink)

RESUMOEste artigo visa discutir elementos filosóficos presentes na obra de José Barbosa de Sá. Buscamos analisar o sistema de classificação botânica do autor, observando a relação com a construção de analogias e similitudes, avaliando em que medida tais ideias se coadunavam com concepções religiosas. Procuramos ainda discutir o conhecido debate sobre a reprodução vegetal no século XVIII, analisando concepções não acadêmicas. ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss philosophical elements of the work of José Barbosa de Sá. We seek to analyze the (...) author's system of botanical classification, observing the relation with the construction of analogies and likenesses, evaluating to what extent these ideas were consistent with religious conceptions. We also attempt to examine the well known eighteenth-century known debate about the vegetable reproduction and to analyse non-academic conceptions of it. (shrink)

Efforts to improve public health, both in the context of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases, will often consist of measures that confer risk on some persons to bring about benefits to those same people or others. Still, it is unclear what exactly justifies implementing such measures that impose risk on some people and not others in the context of public health. Herein, we build on existing autonomy-based accounts of ethical risk imposition by arguing that considerations of imposing risk in public (...) health should be centered on a relational autonomy and relational justice approach. Doing so better captures what makes some risk permissible and others not by exploring the importance of power and context in such deliberations. We conclude the paper by applying a relational account of risk imposition in the cases of (a) COVID-19 measures and (b) the regulation of sugar-sweetened beverages to illustrate its explanatory power. (shrink)

O presente estudo constitui um ensaio crítico de reflexão sobre a questão dos limites da linguagem em Wittgenstein. A perspectiva deste estudo observa, numa primeira parte, o próprio procedimento do método wittgen-steiniano e segue um modelo de discurso plural, a partir de várias perspectivas que, não só permitem desconstruir a aparente unidade da razão, como indagar interiormente do próprio limite da análise wittgensteiniana. Retomando a caracterização da linguagem e do pensamento nos seus traços fundamentais, desde o "Tractatus" até às "Investigações (...) Filosóficas", chama-se a atenção para os pontos de dificuldade, da indefinição e da cons-trutividade do modelo de Wittgenstein. A plena lição do "autómaton" da linguagem face a uma possível diferenciação dos signos e aprofundamento lógico, constitui uma parte desta reflexão que se complementa pela referência aos horizontes de resíduo do não-linguístico, ou até do indizível, numa dupla maneira de estabelecer os limites da linguagem. Enfim, e a título conclusivo, apontam-se, não apenas os contornos do que se entende como uma moral retórica da linguagem em Wittgenstein, mas para perspectivas originais de um reaprofundamento em termos etioló-gicos de diferenciação de escala da lógica e da linguagem, e de recuperação de uma intencionalidade psico-lógico-linguística superando aquela indiferen-ciação do dizer no automático da fala estatuída na "ordinary language". /// La présente étude constitue un essai critique qui réfléchie sur la question des limites du langage dans la philosophie de Wittgenstein. Dans une première partie la perspective de cette réflexion analise les procédés que Wittgenstein lui-même utilise dans sa méthode, et pour cela se sert d'un modèle de discours pluriel, lequel permet non seulement la déconstruction de l'apparente unité de la raison, mais aussi faire une enquête au dedans des limites de l'analyse wittgensteinienne. Reprenant la caractérisation du langage et de la pensée dans ses traits principaux, dès le "Tractatus" jusqu'aux "Investigations Philosophiques", on remarque les points de difficulté, d'indéfînition et de constructivité du modèle de Wittgenstein. La leçon de l'"autômaton" du langage face à une possible diférenciation des signes et l'approfondissement logique, constitue une partie de cette réflexion, qui se complémente par la référence aux horizons résiduels du non-linguistique, ou de l'indicible même, dans une double manière d'établir les limites du langage. Finalement, et comme une conclusion, on remarque, non seulement les contours de ce qu'on considère une morale réthorique du langage chez Witt- genstein, mais aussi pour les perspectives originelles qui permettent reprendre profondément, en termes étiologiques les différences d'échelles logique et linguistique, et récuperer une intentionalité psycho-logico-linguistique. Ainsi on réussit à supérer cette indifférenciation du dire dans l'authomatique de la parole qui s'etablie dans l'"ordinary language". /// The present study is a critical essay on the question of language's limits in Wittgenstein's thought. First of all, the view of this study observes how Wittgensteinian method proceeds. This investigation adopts a pluralistic model of speach, from several points of view, which not only allow to desconstruct the pseudo-unity of reason, but also, make possible to investigate about the inner limits of Wittgenstein's analysis. The Author remarks the difficulties of the non-definition and the construed vity of the Wittgensteinian model of thought, remembering the characteristic relationship language and thought, from Tractatus, to Philosophical Investigations. In order to a possible differenciation of signs and deeper logical analysis, the "automaton" of languages gives us a lesson which is another important part of this reflexion. This point is completed by the reference on the residual boundaries of non-linguistic, or even, non sayable, in a double way of establishing the limits of language. At last, and as a conclusion, the author points out, not only the outlines of the so called "rethoric moral" of language in Wittgenstein philosophy, but also to original views. These views allow a new deeper understanding, in ethiological terms. Different logical and linguistical scales are pointed as a mean, to recover a psycho-logico-linguistic intentionality, overcoming the indifferenciation of authomatic speech as established in "ordinary language". (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze, from a Bakhtinian perspective, the grotesque construction of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo’s body through a religious worldview. Therefore, we analyze two of her self-portraits, taking into account the dialogic relations constructed between the grotesque representations and Catholic symbology. The analyzed utterances, in which the specificities of the creative competence of the author-creator in her aesthetic activity are inferred, showed that a dialogue is established between the painting El venado herido and Catholic Saint Sebastian and (...) between the painting Las dos fridas and the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. (shrink)

O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar as consequências que o fenômeno do niilismo tem sobre algumas personagens das obras de Nietzsche e Dostoiévski. Tentaremos mostrar que Kiríllov e Stavróguin, personagens de Os Demônios, e o Adivinho, deAssim falou Zaratustra,padecem de um certo distúrbio paradoxal de personalidade. Qual seja, para Nietzsche, a desagregação dos instintos ou, em termos dostoiévskianos, a consciência cindida.Palavras-chave: Niilismo; Kiríllov e Stavróguin; Adivinho; Dostoiévski; Nietzsche. AbstractThis paper’s goal is to compare the consequences that the phenomenon of nihilism (...) has over certain characters of Dostoevsky’s and Nietzsche’s work. We shall demonstrate that Kirillov and Stavróguin, from Demons, and the Soothsayer, from Thus Spoke Zarathustra, suffer from a certain paradoxical disturb of personality. That is, for Nietzsche, the breakdown of instincts or, in Dostoevskian terms, the divided conscience.Keywords:Nihilism; Death of God; Values; Kirillov; Soothsayer. ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-1716https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-247Xhttps://orcid.org/000 0-0003-3690-6288. (shrink)

Apresenta uma análise preliminar das manifestações dos autores das Ciências Sociais e Humanas dentro do campo da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação (B & C.I.), por meio do método bibliométrico e análise de citação. Com o objetivo de descortinar quais teóricos são convocados para a construção do conhecimento na produção científica dos campos supracitados, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória com vistas ao levantamento dos autores das Ciências Sociais e Humanas e, posteriormente, a verificação da ocorrência deles na produção indexada pela (...) Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI). Foram identificados 180 autores, dos quais 91 apareceram pelo menos uma vez nas buscas empreendidas pelos nomes e sobrenomes desses autores das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. O resultado desta pesquisa demonstrou os dois autores mais citados, Michel Foucault e Pierre Bourdieu, bem como a presença de diversos autores das Ciências Sociais e Humanas na construção do conhecimento da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação, o que contribui para o fortalecimento e a consolidação de ambas. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The aim of the present article is to rebuild picturebooks’ identity as polyphonic cultural objects based on a brief historical trajectory. Dialogue established between text and reader in contemporary picturebook’s production is broadened by the presence of different semiosis that allow multiple voices to be heard, since they act as meaning enhancers. The Bakhtinian concept of polyphony is herein held at the picturebook reflections scope to set contrast in children’s literature, which has a moralizing nature and is substantiated from (...) a monological perspective. The books by Angela Lago, who is a representative of the Brazilian children’s literature, are herein analyzed to disclose multimodal aspects found in this cultural object (book). In conclusion, picturebooks open a window of possibilities for open minded and creative readings, as well as for different readers, due to their polysemic and polyphonic nature. (shrink)

O presente artigo tenta equacionar algumas das perspectivas da filosofia de Heidegger na sua abertura para o pensamento oriental. Pondera-se em primeiro lugar o quadro terminal do ciclo histórico-filosófico do pensar ocidental e delineiam-se as várias fronteiras do sentido do Oriente na originaria experiencia da Filosofia tal como Heidegger a concebe. Apos esta determinaçaó preliminar do orientalismo ocidental de Heidegger retomam-se uma serie de determinantes da fenomenologia ontologica e da linguagem para elucidar o campo privilegiado do "Oriente" heideggeriano: ambito da (...) orientacao poetica como explicitagao da essencia da linguagem e do dizer do Ser. Numa terceira e ultima parte, a titulo conclusivo, mostra-se a partir do exemplo privilegiado da sabedoria Zen a diferenca em relagao a leituras assimilantes da mesma que pudessem confundir-se naquele extremo pensamento de Heidegger remissivo para a serenidade, o abandono, como o "nirvana" e o "samãdhi" budistas. Conclui-se, assim, pelo carácter paradoxal hermenêutico, e típico do Ocidente, do pretenso orientalismo de Heidegger. /// Le présent article veut thématiser quelques perspectives de la philosophie de Heidegger quant á son ouverture a la pensee orientale. II examine d'abord le cadre terminal du cycle historico-philosophique de la pensée occidentale et trace les différentes frontiéres du sens de l'orient au sein de l'expérience originaire de la philosophic selon Heidegger. Après cette dátermination preliminaire de l'orientalisme occidentale de Heidegger on reprend une série de traits de la phénoménologie ontologique et du langage pour éclairer le domaine privilegie de l' "Orient" pour Heidegger: le champ de l'orientation poétique en tant qu'explicitation de l'essence du langage et de la 'parole' sur l'Etre. Dans une troisième et dernière partie, à titre de conclusion, on montre, à partir de l'exemple remarquable la sagesse Zen, la difference entre celle-ci et d'autres intérpretations qui en sont reductrices et qui risqueraient d'etre confondues en ce point extreme de la pensée de Heidegger, lequel indique la sérenite, l'abandon, en paralèle avec le "nirvana" et le "samadhi" boudhistes. On conclut ainsi que le faux orientalisme de Heidegger n'est plus q'une paradoxale conséquence du caractere herméneutique de la philosophic de l'Occident. /// The present article attemps to establish a relationship between some of Heidegger's views on Philosophy and its openess to Eastern thought. First we indicate what constitutes the framework of the last historical and philosophical cycle of Western thought, and we show the limits of the meaning of Orient within the original philosophical experience, as Heidegger understands it. After these preliminary considerations about the occidental orientalism according to Heidegger, we take up some of the main perspectives on Heideggerian phenomenology and philosophy of language in order to clarify the aim of the "Orient" in Heidegger's philosophy: poetical determination of thinking as an explicitation of the nature of language and of the ' saying' of Being. In a third and last part, taking the exceptional example of Zen Wisdom, we show the difference between it and the other reductive interpretations. Those interpretations may converge in that extreme frontier of Heidegger thinking which points to serenity, bliss, as if they were Buddhist "nirvana" and "samadhi". The conclusion is that the pretended orientalism of Heidegger's philosophy is nothing more than a paradoxical effect of hermeneutics viewed from Western thought. (shrink)

Although various scholars underscore the importance of innovating responsibly in view of today's societal challenges, less attention has been paid to the entrepreneurial skillset, that is, the range of individual skills and organizational capabilities, that innovation-based organizations mobilize to deliver new responsible products and services. This paper thus explores the relationships between the entrepreneurial skillsets of 16 Canadian and Brazilian for-profit and not-for-profit organizations producing Responsible Innovations in Health (RIH) and their degree of responsibility. Our mixed methods study includes interviews (...) with entrepreneurs (n = 23) and fieldnotes as well as quantitative results from the RIH Assessment Tool. Our findings identify four skillset orientations—Technical, Technical + Business, Social, and Social + Business—that not only reflect (co)founders' training and entrepreneurial motivations but also a proclivity toward the consolidation of either “Technical” or “Social” skills and capabilities. Such consolidation is made possible by recruiting high-level executives with diverse backgrounds or by tapping on external knowledge sources (e.g., boards of directors, incubators, or volunteers). As five enterprises had no formal business skills, patterns associated to their overall RIH score (ranging from 1 to 5) reveal intriguing results. Organizations with a Social + Business skillset have a slightly lower RIH score (4.1) than those with a Social skillet (4.4) and those with a Technical + Business skillset have a slightly higher score (3.5) than those with a Technical skillset (3.0). The presence of business skills thus appears to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial skillsets and the degree of responsibility, which may be linked to the distinct roles of ordinary (“doing things right”) and dynamic capabilities (“doing the right things”). These exploratory findings have scholarly and practical implications. First, the tensions and synergies characterizing responsible value creation should be approached by examining the complementary skills and capabilities that need to be assembled and consolidated. Second, the eight cases with a Social + Business skillset clarify the unique capabilities needed to produce highly responsible health innovations. Third, entrepreneurs with a scientific or engineering background should recognize that a Technical skillset is not enough. Fourth, recognizing that “falling in love with the cause” of RIH is not sufficient, investors and boards of directors should adequately support responsible entrepreneurs towards the proper orchestration of skills and capabilities that can reconcile economic and social goals. (shrink)

The burdens of mental illnesses and substance use disorders do not lie merely with the individuals who suffer from these conditions but affect, and are affected by, their families, communities, cities and countries. The ethical and political challenges that arise in the treatment of mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders are, therefore, challenges that affect both individuals and communities.

In late March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia introduced mandatory 14-day supervised quarantine at hotels and other designated facilities for all international arrivals. From July 2020, most states and territories introduced a fixed charge for quarantine of up to $3220 per adult. The introduction of the fee was rationalised on the basis that Australians had been allowed sufficient time to return and there was a need to recover some of the cost associated with administering the program. Drawing (...) on an empirical study of 58 returned Australian citizens and residents quarantined between March 2020 and January 2021, this paper aims to explore how people experienced paying for hotel quarantine, particularly with respect to fairness and relatedly, the principle of reciprocity. Reciprocity requires that the state has an obligation to assist individuals in discharging their duty to comply with public health measures and avoid disproportionate burdens accruing to populations or individuals. Though participants had varying opinions on whether they thought it fair to be charged for their quarantine, for many, the fee constituted a significant burden and source of stress. Given the undertaking of quarantine is primarily for the benefit of the public good, we argue the financial cost imposed on individuals does not meet the demands of reciprocity. It is imperative that future quarantine and isolation arrangements consider seriously the need to minimise burdens of individuals subject to such measures, and that fees do not become a new norm in public health and infectious disease control. (shrink)

Este artigo discute o mal-estar de adolescentes de duas escolas públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no contexto de retorno presencial das aulas pós-pandemia da COVID-19. Durante o contexto de isolamento, a escola teve de se ressignificar como lugar de aprendizagem, de convivência e de mediações com tecnologias até então ausentes, e atualmente tem que se reconstruir, territorialmente, como um lugar possível de afeto e transmissão. A escola é uma das instâncias que se ocupa desta tarefa, em que o (...) jogo de forças entre os grupos e a subjetividade se faz presente. No entanto, a ausência territorial da escola no período de isolamento social foi inevitável. A questão central a que este artigo busca responder é de que maneira o pressuposto freudiano de que o mal-estar faz parte e é inerente à relação entre o sujeito e a cultura, aparece, e sob que aspectos, nesta experiência de retorno às escolas, no período pós-pandemia. Quer nas dificuldades de aprendizagem, diante do lugar do outro, no conflito entre temporalidade e demanda, nas estratégias de enfrentamento e na distância entre os projetos e a realidade, os estudantes revelam suas angústias e novos modos de lidar com a condição de mal-estar. (shrink)

This article intends to show that the defense of “understanding” as one of the major goals of science education can be grounded on an anti-reductionist perspective on testimony as a source of knowledge. To do so, we critically revisit the discussion between Harvey Siegel and Alvin Goldman about the goals of science education, especially where it involves arguments based on the epistemology of testimony. Subsequently, we come back to a discussion between Charbel N. El-Hani and Eduardo Mortimer, on the one (...) hand, and Michael Hoffmann, on the other, striving to strengthen the claim that rather than students’ belief change, understanding should have epistemic priority as a goal of science education. Based on these two lines of discussion, we conclude that the reliance on testimony as a source of knowledge is necessary to the development of a more large and comprehensive scientific understanding by science students. (shrink)

Complexity abounds in public health, yet public health ethics—as currently practiced—often struggles to accept this state-of-affairs; this results in moral debates that overemphasize the potential overreach of states in the pursuit of public health, while underemphasizing its morally troubling underreach. James Wilson’s Philosophy for Public Health and Public Policy: Beyond the Neglectful State (2021) represents a culmination of over a decade of his work where he tries addressing directly the challenge of complexity of reasoning about values in applied political philosophy. (...) The result is an important, well-argued, and well-written book that should be read by those who are both interested in the methods of public health ethics and how complexity-informed public health ethics can help shape policy debates.The thesis of the book is as follows: much time has been spent debating whether the state is acting as a ‘nanny’ state in regard to public health policy and practice x, and when and how this amounts to a justified burden on one’s autonomy and subsequent choices. But this misses the point: we all have a right to health, which includes a right to the fruits of public health because we are autonomous persons and autonomy is valuable. We should be wary not only of a nanny state, but of a neglectful state which absolves itself of responsibility for the various determinants of health within its control and legitimate remit. In turn, philosophers keen to help governments resolve real-world public health problems—and help states discharge their positive duty to promote health—must do so with humility while helping policy makers think through the values that underpin complex social problems. (shrink)

O texto apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa de mestrado sobre educação quilombola e busca responder como a “escola” presentes na comunidade quilombola Tambaí-Açu, Mocajuba/PA, educam as crianças entre as reproduções ampliadas da vida e as reproduções ampliadas do capital. Trata-se de investigação qualitativa, como base no materialismo histórico-dialético, com dados obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisadas em articulação com revisão de literatura científica. Ao se fazer análise de conteúdo, compreendeu-se que, embora haja diversas formas de saberes nos chãos e (...) terreiros da comunidade, como a floresta, os rios, as/os “encantados”, as/os pretos/as velhos/as, os mutirões, o “Quilombauê”, os movimentos sociais como a Associação Remanescente de Quilombo Tambaí-Açu – ACREQTA e, ainda, leis e diretrizes que dão base à Educação Quilombola no Brasil, o que tem prevalecido é o sentido “urbanocêntrico” em termos de educação escolar que desconsidera o espaço rural, suas diversidades, suas formas de aprender a ser, embora contraditoriamente a escola venha buscando a isso se contrapor por meio da integração de suas experiências quilombolas nos processos formativos, a partir de seus modos de se formar-produzir pelo trabalho no mutirão. Palavras-chave: Experiências, Educação, Escolas, Infância Quilombola. (shrink)

O objeto da reflexão, neste artigo, são as propostas curriculares veiculadas a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, no Brasil e na Argentina. A questão que se coloca é perceber quais os conteúdos que estão incluídos sobre a América Latina, nestas propostas curriculares, se há semelhanças e diferenças entre estes documentos e se os conteúdos veiculados nas propostas curriculares implantadas a partir de 1995, nestes dois países, refletem as mudanças no ensino de história, sugeridas pelo MERCOSUL Educacional. O texto (...) foi dividido em dois subtemas, sendo que no primeiro, estão dispostos os dados referentes à América Latina no ensino secundário das propostas curriculares veiculadas nos séculos XIX até a década de 1980, do século XX e no segundo, são trazidos os conteúdos da América Latina que estão propostos para o sétimo e o oitavo anos, nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, do Brasil e para o oitavo e nonos anos, nos Contenidos Básicos Comunes, da Argentina. Foi possível concluir que o lugar da América Latina foi bastante escasso, inclusive no contexto em que ascenderam suas preocupações com o nacionalismo. No caso do Brasil, o currículo foi fabricado de modo a tanto valorizar a história europeia e estadunidense, como modelo a ser seguido, e, num segundo plano, a valorizar a sua própria história. Esta lógica foi igualmente percebida na Argentina, que tinha a sua história como apêndice de uma história universal, privilegiando o olhar sobre o Estado, excluindo os conteúdos sobre a América Latina. Já as propostas curriculares veiculadas a partir de 1995, no Brasil e na Argentina, apresentaram mais permanências do que mudanças, uma vez que colocaram os conteúdos da História da América Latina na condição de ser a sobremesa de um menu, cujo prato principal ainda é a história europeia. Palavras-chave: Ensino de História da América. Mercosul Educacional. Propostas curriculares. (shrink)

Os discursos da Biblioteconomia brasileira são objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, que se concentrou nos artigos publicados durante a década de 1980 na Revista de Biblioteconomia de Brasília. Essa revista, cujo primeiro número foi publicado em 1973, encerrou suas atividades em 2001 e teve como foco as áreas de Biblioteconomia, Ciência da Informação, Arquivologia e afins. Com a intenção de discutir sobre dois conceitos centrais da Biblioteconomia - o de biblioteca e o de bibliotecário - analisamos as produções que versavam (...) sobre tais categorias de análise. A pesquisa é, então, considerada exploratória, de cunho bibliográfico, cujo método empregado foi o da análise de conteúdo. Essa década foi marcada pela importância da informação e da tecnologia como fatores responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento social e econômico do país. A biblioteca, nesse contexto de uma sociedade da informação, é marcada pela discussão da automação de seus serviços e produtos. O bibliotecário, visto como um profissional da informação, também tem um importante papel a desempenhar na sociedade, inclusive, o de estar ao lado dos mais vulneráveis. (shrink)

No altar da Igreja de Santa Maria della Vittoria, encontramos a bela escultura de Bernini, denominada “O êxtase de Santa Teresa”. Símbolo da entrega ao gozo espiritual, a escultura do artista italiano representa Santa Teresa de Ávila recebendo do anjo a seta do amor divino, reprodução perfeita do êxtase místico e religioso. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de Teresas na literatura brasileira, como heroínas divididas entre o sacro e o profano. Propomos o estudo do romance Tereza Batista: (...) cansada de guerra, de Jorge Amado, a partir da intertextualidade com a tradição literária baiana, de Gregório de Matos e Castro Alves, e em contraponto ao pensamento religioso da obra lírica de Santa Teresa de Ávila, em diálogo com a escultura extática da santa, criada por Gian Lorenzo Bernini.Palavras-chaves: Santa Teresa de Ávila. Jorge Amado. Castro Alves. Gregório de Matos. Sagrado. Profano.At the altar of the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, is located the Bernini’s sculpture, called "The Ecstasy of St. Teresa." Symbol of surrender to spiritual joy, the sculpture by the Italian artist represents St. Teresa of Avila affected by the arrow of the Angel, perfect reproduction of the religious and mystical ecstasy. This article aims to analyze the occurrence of Teresas in Brazilian literature, as heroines divided between the sacred and the profane. We propose to study of the novel Tereza Batista: cansada de guerra, by Jorge Amado, from the intertextuality with the literary tradition of Bahia, of Gregorio de Mattos and Castro Alves, and in opposition to the religious thought of the lyrical work of St. Teresa de Ávila, in dialogue with the ecstatic sculpture of St. Tereza, by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.Keywords: St. Teresa of Ávila. Jorge Amado. Castro Alves. Gregório de Mattos. Sacred. Profane. (shrink)

The concept of the singular thing and its ethical-political footprints, in Spinoza’s philosophy, guide the following text, which proposes to think together education and civility. With the Dutch philosopher, we learn that union and conflict are not contradictory terms, neither ethically nor politically; framing, therefore, an educational field of action poses the question of democracy as the foundation of a daily fight against fear and servitude. Thus, dealing with destruction - which is not in singular beings but arises in encounters (...) - and Spinoza’s idea of an exemplar of human nature open up space for us to characterize the political intensity of virtue as an effort to act freely and which passes through education. The text therefore points out times of education from the diversity of temporalities that act in the social and political body. (shrink)

Introduction: Despite being considered as a contravention under some countries’ legislation, the therapeutic use of Cannabis sativa has been growing in Brazil, due to the promising results observed in many pathologies. Such a scenario has fostered the need to deepen discussions on the subject and possibly revise legislation governing the substance use and access. Objectives: Identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis and describe the strategies people use to overcome stigma. Methods: This integrative review was (...) carried out in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, with 565 articles being retrieved. Triads’ cross-check were done, first maintaining the “cannabis” and “therapeutic use” pair, added by “stigma,” “bioethics,” “ethics,” “social consequences,” and “legal consequences.” The final selection resulted in six articles. Ethical Consideration: However, the ethical issues that pervade and regulate decisions on this subject must be considered. Results: Different dimensions and types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis have been identified. The bioethical principle of autonomy was an expression of citizenship and human rights, mitigating internal conflicts related to self-stigma and the effects of external stigma on the person’s life. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the types of stigma related to the therapeutic use of Cannabis is an internal dimension represented (self-stigma) and an external dimension, represented (social and structural stigmas) and to identify strategies adopted to face this stigma: skills training group for users, elaboration of laws and specific programs to clarify the therapeutic use of Cannabis with a greater social scope, and support for family members. Thus, contributing to the building of people’s autonomy in a broader context of decision-making autonomy and executive autonomy will provide the development of people’s capacity to perform complex tasks of self-management and, consequently, to continue promoting and preserving their decision-making process and their capacity to plan and perform tasks associated with managing their lives and their treatments. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente Artigo tem como centro de sua reflexão a espiritualidade centrada no dinheiro. O referido objeto é “ferramenta de Deus” presente nos cultos diários das igrejas neopentecostais. E como tal compõe o arsenal das coisas ofertadas em altar. É símbolo religioso a costurar a relação vertical Deus-igreja-fiel. Mas, não está selecionado como objeto qualquer a tomar parte, como mediação, dessa relação. O dinheiro não é danação ou algo considerado como tal, mas é (...) santificado, quando imolado para se tornar oferta e, assim, contribuir para multiplicar as obras de Deus. Alguns textos – e contextos – tenderiam a afirmar que a penetração do dinheiro, no campo do sagrado, seria para profaná-lo, destruí-lo. Seria verdadeiro ? O dízimo é dinheiro, é algo que pertence a Deus. Percebe-se uma mística que se desenvolve a partir de um processo constante de ressignificação. A perspectiva simbólica compõe a análise compreensiva desse objeto chamado dinheiro que, no espaço de culto neopentecostal, ganha importância e expressividade na fé dos que buscam vitória, conquista, prosperidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVES : Espiritualidade; Dinheiro; Neopentecostalismo; Vinculo social; Dádiva.This Article is centered, in its reflection, SPIRITUALITY CENTRALIZED IN MONEY. The above-mentioned object money is an instrument in god’s hands, present in Neo-pentecostal churches daily cult. And in such a perspective, it – money – coumponds things arsenal, offered at altar. It is a religious symbol fitting to sew GOD – CHURCH – FAITHFUL vertical rapport . But it is not selected as any object at all in order to take part, as a kind of mediation, in this rapport. Money is not a curse, but, sanctified, when immolated to be offered and to multiply the work of God. Some would tend to say that, the entry into the money into the space of the sacred would be to profane God, to destroy him. Can this be so? The tithe is money. It is something that belongs to God. One perceives a certain Mystic, developed fron a resignification constant process. Symbolical perspective compounds this object, called, nominated money, comprehensive analysis, money that, in neo-pentecostal cult space, increases in inportance and expressiveness in faith regarding to those ones who look for victony, conquest, prosperity. KEYWORDS: Spirituality; Money; Social Bond; Gift; Neopentecostalism. (shrink)

This ar ti cle is di vided into three parts. In the first part Kant´s ar gu men ta tion fol low ing all the steps given in Fundamentación III is ex - plained. The com monly ac cepted in ter nal di vi - sion was fol lowed, and not the sets of para graphs in di cated by Mc Car thy. In the sec ond..

This study focuses on family members of clients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) in hemodialytic treatment, signaling the importance of their participation in care aiming toward an adaptation of a new reality in one’s life. The objective of this study is as follows: to understand the meaning attributed by significant family members to their participation in caring for the client with CRI in hemodialytic treatment. This investigation was developed using a qualitative research modeled after Alfred Schutz’s phenomenological approach, namely to (...) increase understanding in interaction with the other as a process of facilitating an understanding of one’s experience that constitutes the newly constructed reality. The subjects of the research were ten family members noted significantly for their care by the clients of a hemodialytic center from the state of Espírito Santo (Br). The results allowed to identify the care activities developed by the family members. The phenomenological interview consisted of a central question: what do you have in mind when caring for a family member with CRI? The analysis of the responses pointed principally toward two categories: the well-being of the client and the well-being of the family member, or caretaker. Generally, this demonstrates that the care given to the client by the family member is intended to enhance the health care needs of both the client and the family member, or caretaker. These perspectives support the quality of care through the nurse’s action in planning health and nursing care for the client as well as for the client’s family member, allowing recognition of each as a subject of his or her professional action.RESUMO: Este estudo focaliza os familiares dos clientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) em tratamento hemodialítico, sinalizando a importância de sua participação nos cuidados tendo em vista a adaptação a uma nova realidade de vida. Tem como objetivo: compreender o significado atribuído pelo familiar significativo à sua participação no cuidado ao cliente com IRC em tratamento hemodialítico. Constitui uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando a abordagem fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz como método, entendendo a interação com o outro um processo facilitador de compreender as experiências e vivências que constituem uma realidade construída. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dez familiares apontados pelos clientes de um centro de hemodiálise no Estado do Espírito Santo como significativos no cuidado. Os resultados permitiram identificar as atividades desenvolvidas pelos familiares como cuidado. A entrevista fenomenológica consistiu da questão central: o que você tem em vista ao cuidar do seu familiar com IRC? A análise dos depoimentos apontou para duas categorias Bem Estar do cliente e Bem Estar do familiar ou cuidador.. O típico da ação demonstra que os cuidados dispensados ao cliente pelo familiar visam a atender tanto as necessidades do cliente quanto daquele que cuida. Estas perspectivas subsidiam a ação do enfermeiro para buscar a qualidade da assistência, planejando ações direcionadas ao cuidado da clientela, inclusive seus familiares, reconhecendo a ambos como sujeitos de sua ação profissional. (shrink)

The Complexo do Alemão, a group of 12 favelas in Rio de Janeiro, attracted the attention of Brazilian and International corporate media when the police and the army ‘pacified’ the favelas in 2010. Part of a broader political and economic project to make Rio de Janeiro ‘safe for large-scale events, pacification consists of seizing back territories from the control of drug dealers by installing permanent police units. This paper focuses on how different discourses on the ‘pacification’ of the Alemão simultaneously (...) entextualized and projected trajectories of reception, interpellation and agency. It also delineates different and competing communicable maps of these trajectories of signs. While looking at ethnographic evidence from local reception of mediatized signs and people’s own communicable maps, it draws attention to major gaps in communicable constructions of pacification, thus attempting to accentuate some complexities of Rio’s mainstream pragmatics of circulation. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda os processos de celebrização envolvidos na passagem de jovens comuns da periferia de São Paulo a ídolos locais e até nacionais, como intérpretes do funk ostentação. A via principal desta alçada: a postagem de seus videoclipes na plataforma Youtube. Veremos como os MC´s, autores e intérpretes deste estilo recentemente se tornaram atores sociais em suas comunidades, contribuindo para que as representações que carregam sejam símbolos ou mercadorias e atuem como instrumentos de materialização dos imaginários. Ao final, apontamos (...) para os sentidos ambíguos e contraditórios de resistência possíveis esboçados por este gênero musical e suas estéticas e valores, em bioresistências que passam pelos corpos e afetos. (shrink)

This article has two tasks: to investigate the notions of space, time and causality in Schopenhauer’s theory of knowledge and, subsequently, to carry out a comparative study of the results obtained with the epistemological considerations between the first and second phase of Nietzsche’s thought. It is understood that conclusions concerning the world as representation had an echo in the first digressions of the author of The Birth of Tragedy on the conceptions of space, time and causality. However, the departures begin (...) to be perceived still in the first years of the 1870s. It is chosen to call the reflections on knowledge until On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense, considering, besides the unsystematicity of the Nietzschean approaches, the maturation of the epistemological investigations in Human, All Too Human. It is discussed how the naturalistic aspects of the second phase of Nietzsche’s intellectual activity find implications in his conceptions of space, time and, above all, causality. It is emphasized, however, that it is not the intention of this work to argue that Nietzsche’s epistemology is originally derived from Schopenhauer or that it depends exclusively on the notions studied here. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo aborda a relevância da ocupação de si no processo de formação ética do sujeito e discute as possibilidades de seu uso para a educação. Recobra-se, para tanto, a genealogia da história da noção de cuidado, da parresia e da ética da amizade, retratadas no curso Hermenêutica do Sujeito ministrado por Michel Foucault. Objetiva-se problematizar, com isso, os aspectos moralizantes da pedagogia moderna e evidenciar uma dimensão ética da amizade e estética da existência, as quais foram abandonadas na (...) educação escolar. Buscam-se pensar em que medida essa dimensão pode ser recuperada como uma espécie de esquiva à racionalidade econômica e ao empreendimento de si, presentes nas práticas escolares contemporâneas, indicando algumas pistas sobre as questões éticas e políticas que incidem sobre as referidas práticas, no presente. Esse movimento possibilitará sinalizar para uma face psicagógica esboçada na antiguidade greco-romana, mas que fora abandonada em seu desenvolvimento moderno. Ao se enfatizar essa dimensão psicagógica e o papel que o outro ocupa, nessa relação, destaca-se a necessidade de certa ociosidade (Skholé) e encontro afetivo (Philia) do discípulo com o mestre, indagando-se sobre as adversidades tanto daquela vacância quanto dessa erótica, para se pensar nos desafios atuais da educação escolar. Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; formação ética do sujeito; educação escolar; Foucault. On the Foucauldian ethics of care, the subject and education: interpretive drifts 40 years after Hermeneutics of the Subject Abstract: This article analyzes the relevance of self-care in the subject's ethical formation process and discusses the possibilities of its use for education. For this purpose, we recover the genealogy of the history of the notion of care, parrhesia and the ethics of friendship, portrayed in the Hermeneutics of the Subject course taught by Michel Foucault. We aim to problematize with this the moralizing aspects of modern pedagogy and to highlight an ethical dimension of friendship and aesthetics of existence that were abandoned in school education. We seek to think to what extent this dimension can be recovered as a kind of evasion of economic rationality and the self-enterprise in contemporary school practices, indicating some clues about the ethical and political issues that affect these practices in the present. This movement will allow us to point to a psychogogical face outlined in Greco-Roman Antiquity, but which had been abandoned in its modern development. By emphasizing this psycagogical dimension and the role that the other occupies in this relationship, we highlight the need for a certain idleness (Skholé) and an affective encounter (Philia) of the disciple with the master, asking us about the adversities of both that vacancy and this erotic to think in the current challenges of school education. Keywords: self of care; ethical formation of the subject; schooling; Foucault. Sobre la ética foucauldiana del cuidado, el sujeto y la educación: derivas interpretativas 40 años después de la Hermenéutica del Sujeto Resumen: Este artículo analiza la relevancia de la ocupación de sí mismo en el proceso de formación ética del sujeto y discute las posibilidades de su uso para la educación. Para ello, recuperamos la genealogía de la historia de la noción de cuidado, la parresía y la ética de la amistad, retratada en el curso de Hermenéutica del Sujeto impartido por Michel Foucault. Pretendemos con eso problematizar los aspectos moralizantes de la pedagogía moderna y resaltar una dimensión ética de la amistad y estética de la existencia que fueron abandonadas en la educación escolar. Buscamos pensar en qué medida esta dimensión puede ser recuperada como una vía de escape a la racionalidad económica y el emprendimiento del yo en las prácticas escolares contemporáneas, indicando algunas pistas sobre las cuestiones éticas y políticas que afectan a estas prácticas en el presente. Este movimiento nos permitirá señalar un rostro psicagógico esbozado en la antigüedad grecorromana, pero que había sido abandonado en su desarrollo moderno. Al enfatizar esta dimensión psicogógica y el papel que el otro ocupa en esta relación, destacamos la necesidad de una cierta ociosidad (Skholé) y un encuentro afectivo (Philia) del discípulo con el maestro, preguntándonos por las adversidades de ambos esa vacancia y esta erótica para pensar en los desafíos actuales de la educación escolar. Palabras-clave: cuidado de sí; formación ética del sujeto; enseñanza; Foucault. Data de registro: 10/07/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)

I provide a new way of thinking of questions using an expanded space of FDE worlds. This allows both for non-exclusive and non-exhaustive answers to questions concerning one’s gender identity. Further, and most crucially for the purposes of this paper, it allows for a new, more general definition of question-inclusion that makes it possible to identify a new form of hermeneutical injustice. This form of injustice, I argue, affects trans people by keeping them in a prolonged state of gender questioning (...) and confusion in which they only grasp the part of the question Am I a member of gender G? that corresponds to the question Do I want to be a member of gender G?. (shrink)

In recent years, secondary literature about 19th Century philosophy has shown a reassessment of both its problems and movements, as well as the role of some philosophers within that scenario. In order to make explicit the contribution undertaken by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) to the general context of the anti-Hegelian turn in the middle of that century, this article analyzes the problems concerning categories as the loci of idealistic thesis of unity between logic and ontology as from Kierkegaard’s (...) critique and approach to such problems. (shrink)

Este texto pretende apresentar reflexões acerca do pensamento em constelação proposto por Adorno para problematizar as práticas formativas colocadas em movimento nos contextos educativos. Para tanto, nos utilizamos da pesquisa bibliográfica para pensar criticamente sobre a formação dos sujeitos nos contextos educativos. Inspirados no pensamento adorniano nos reportamos ao conceito de constelação e, posteriormente, às categorias de emancipação e autorreflexão. As problematizações construídas nesse trabalho podem contribuir para o desvelamento da multiplicidade de questões que envolvem a complexidade do campo educativo (...) e dos sujeitos que ali se constituem. Indicam a necessidade de compreender que um conceito se entrelaça com outros conceitos, que ultrapassa a linearidade e a busca de um ponto de chegada. Nessa direção, é imprescindível redimensionar os processos de formação docente, ampliando as perspectivas de formação e promovendo experiências de autorreflexão da própria razão. Palavras chaves: Constelação. Emancipação. Autorreflexão. (shrink)

Analysis of the work Thus spoke Zarathustra (1883-1885), by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. More specifically, they stop at the second moment of that work, Da redemption. In a sense, Zarathustra - as a kind of mask over Nietzsche's face - presents a good part of Nietzschean doctrine: there is a walk, or a crossing, that will take him to the hero's journey, both in terms of content and in the style of narrating your philosophy. Therefore, Zarathustra, as a mask (...) for the philosopher Nietzsche, weaves his criticisms of the West, being also a mask through which the journey is taken and the subject's redemption is reached. (shrink)

Este texto pretende apresentar reflexões acerca do pensamento em constelação proposto por Adorno para problematizar as práticas formativas colocadas em movimento nos contextos educativos. Para tanto, nos utilizamos da pesquisa bibliográfica para pensar criticamente sobre a formação dos sujeitos nos contextos educativos. Inspirados no pensamento adorniano nos reportamos ao conceito de constelação e, posteriormente, às categorias de emancipação e autorreflexão. As problematizações construídas nesse trabalho podem contribuir para o desvelamento da multiplicidade de questões que envolvem a complexidade do campo educativo (...) e dos sujeitos que ali se constituem. Indicam a necessidade de compreender que um conceito se entrelaça com outros conceitos, que ultrapassa a linearidade e a busca de um ponto de chegada. Nessa direção, é imprescindível redimensionar os processos de formação docente, ampliando as perspectivas de formação e promovendo experiências de autorreflexão da própria razão. Palavras chaves: Constelação. Emancipação. Autorreflexão. (shrink)

This article examines the implications of traditional philosophical language inherited from Portuguese colonization in Brazil, still prevalent in academia and secondary education. Through a critical reading of Brazil's early colonial history, we analyze the aspects of this perspective shaping philosophical tradition. Friedrich Nietzsche's antidogmatic thought and Martin Heidegger's concept of calculative thinking inform our critique. Inspired by Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed," our study explores students' everyday language, aiming to develop an alternative philosophical language rooted in social reality.

A epistemologia do testemunho tem reacendido forte interesse entre a classe dos atuais epistemólogos. Tem sido redescoberta a sua indispensabilidade epistêmica e reassumida a posição de que o testemunho é uma fonte de crenças penetrante e natural, no qual muitas das crenças nele fundamentadas constituem conhecimento e estão justificadas. Reducionistas e antirreducionistas se alternam, repetidamente, para explicar o papel epistêmico do testemunho na justificação da crença testemunhal, gerando um acirrado debate na epistemologia contemporânea. Advogada do Reducionismo local, Elizabeth Fricker refuta (...) a relevância da justificação com base no testemunho para crença testemunhal. Com base nisso, este artigo propõe apresentar algumas críticas aos argumentos de refutação reducionista de Fricker quanto à possibilidade epistêmica do testemunho.: The epistemology of testimony has rekindled strong reigniting interest among the train of current epistemologists. Its epistemic indispensability has been unearthed anew and the importance that the testimony is a natural and pervasive source of beliefs has been recaptured as well, considering that many of the beliefs based on itself constitute knowledge and are justified. Reductionists and Anti-Reductionists alternate, repeatedly, explaining the epistemic role of testimony in justification of testimonial belief, generating a heated debate in contemporary epistemology. Reductionism local lawyer, Elizabeth Fricker, refutes the relevance of justification with testimony-based to testimonial belief. Based on that, this paper aims at presenting some criticism to the reductive refutation of Fricker’s arguments as to the epistemic possibility of testimony. Keywords : Epistemology of testimony. Testimonial justification. Local Reductionism. Anti-Reductionism. Inferential Support. (shrink)

In mid-February 45b.c.e., in a tragedy that was to plunge the orator into seemingly irreparable despair, Cicero's beloved daughter Tullia died. She had given birth nearly a month before and at first seemed to be doing well. Soon, however, her health gave out and Cicero took her to his Tusculan villa to recover. In the end, there was little that could be done. After her funeral, Cicero stayed for about three weeks with Atticus in Rome, but the constant stream of (...) visitors offering condolences became too much to bear, and on the sixth of March the heartbroken father retired to a villa he owned on the coast at Astura, some 45 miles south of Rome. Three days later he dispatched the following anguished epistle (Att. 12.15):Apud Appuleium, quoniam in perpetuum non placet, in dies ut excuser videbis. in hac solitudine careo omnium colloquio, cumque mane me in silvam abstrusi densam et asperam, non exeo inde ante vesperum. secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine. in ea mihi omnis sermo est cum litteris. eum tamen interpellat fletus; cui repugno quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus. Bruto, ut suades, rescribam. eas litteras cras habebis. cum erit cui des, dabis. (shrink)

Resumo: A partir da Teoria do romance do jovem Lukács, o artigo desenvolve uma discussão com a filosofia de Hegel, no que concerne, de um lado, à herança da dialética histórica hegeliana, presente na Teoria do romance, e, de outro lado, ao distanciamento do autor húngaro das conclusões de Hegel sobre a unidade efetiva entre indivíduo e Estado moderno. A herança hegeliana na obra de Lukács é definidora na sua compreensão da relação imanente e necessária entre forma artística e conteúdo (...) histórico. Para Hegel, a modernidade e a instituição do Estado aparecem como o mais alto índice da liberdade do homem, na história; para Lukács, ao contrário, a modernidade se apresenta como o coroamento da dissonância entre indivíduo e as suas estruturas sociais, processo de separação que se inicia quando o mundo da epopeia é suplantado pela Grécia estatal da tragédia e da filosofia.: This article discusses the inheritance of the Hegelian historical dialectic present in the young Lukács The theory of the novel, and the distancing of the Hungarian author from Hegel’s conclusions about the effective unity between the individual and modern state. The Hegelian heritage is definitive in Lukács understanding of the immanent and necessary relationship between artistic form and historical content. For Hegel, modernity and state institutions appear as the highest indicators of human freedom in history, whereas for Lukács, on the contrary, modernity is presented as the culmination of alienation between the individual and social structures, an alienating process which begins when the world of the epic is supplanted by the Greek nation-state of tragedy and philosophy. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta informações de um estudo iconográfico – pautado no campo da abordagem qualitativa, orientado pela questão “quais as representações do cuidar/cuidado humano presentes em uma pintura da Renascença?” – cujo objetivo foi identificar a(s) representação(ões) do cuidar/cuidado humano expressa(s) por uma pintura renascentista. A arte desenvolvida no Renascimento teve um caráter científico devido aos conhecimentos da Matemática, Física, e outras áreas, inseridos nela. Os resultados do estudo da imagem produzida por material artístico – iconografia – permitiram, através (...) da análise iconográfica, desvelar o cuidar/cuidado humano sob a forma de compaixão como sendo o verdadeiro significado da pintura O Bom Samaritano (1550-1570) de Jacopo Bassano. Outras variantes de cuidar/cuidado foram identificadas, confluindo para a representação do cuidar/cuidado manifestação da vida. Palavras-chave: Arte, saúde, cuidar/cuidado humano, Renascimento, iconografia. (shrink)

This study explores the role that business schools have in developing favorable attitudes toward business involvement in corporate social responsibility. Two cohorts of incoming students from two internationally accredited MBA programs in Chile and two cohorts of graduating students from the same institutions were compared in terms of their attitudes toward the role of business in alleviating social ills and the role they assigned to business schools in preparing managers to effectively address social issues. The attitudes expressed by graduates of (...) the two programs changed after program completion. Faculty attitudes toward business involvement in CSR may play a role in the observed differences between the graduates of both institutions. (shrink)

Fourty years ago, more than 190 Latin American bishops, attended by the newly elected Pope John Paul II, were gathered for the III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate in Mexico, in Puebla de Los Angeles, between January 27th and February 13th, 1979. For Paul VI, The purpose of celebrating the 10th anniversary of Medellin was to translate his Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Nuntiandi to Latin America: from “evangelization in the contemporary world” to “Latin America’s evangelization in the present and (...) in the future”. The context was very disturbed for social, economic, cultural and political reality, as well as for the religious situation. Military dictatorships, torture, death and disappearance of thousands of people, resistance guerrillas, the emergence of neoliberalism, the right and neo-pentecostalism, and the election of a pope who lived under communist persecution in Poland, this was the environment that affected the Conference. In this moment of four decades celebration of this important event, the purpose of the article is to make memory of the socio-political and ecclesial context, besides recovering out two themes that are associated with the authors research: youth and education. The method is defined as content and document analysis, so it is bibliographic in nature. The conclusions show how the dynamics of the context acted in the essay of the document. And, despite of this, it was possible to move forward in some jagged aspects - youth and education - which also presented their limitations. An important “preferential option for young people” was defined as one of the pastoral priorities, and education was defined as one of the means for communion and participation. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The article aims to examine the behavior of contemporary speech genre theory in the analysis of Pauline epistles. The genre of letters is conceived within its original communicative purpose, limited to sender and receivers, whereas the epistle refers to the letter read outside of its original context, considered as literature. The research corpus is composed of the Corinthian epistles of the New Testament, which are accepted as authored by the Apostle Paul. They are selected due to their shared audience, (...) enabling a comparison of production context aspects in the apostle’s writings over time. Research findings include: letters that acquire new meanings, when transformed into epistles with a broader readership; the epistle genre, despite undergoing significant modifications, remains recognizable to present-day readers due to its macrostructure; the social role and communicative intent of the sender that result in alternating usage of formal and informal language, as well as variations in discourse person. (shrink)

The present essay is devoted to analyzing Reinhold’s contribution to one of the most relevant questions in German idealism, namely, the possibility of an absolute principle of all philosophy, as a task left open by Kant’s critical enterprise. The main aim is to assess the extent to which Reinhold is the first to propose this philosophical problem as a question of language, and in doing so the possibility of an absolutely apodictic philosophical language, as it would be later resumed and (...) developed by Fichte and other authors. Keywords: Reinhold, language, philosophy, principle, consciousness. (shrink)

Starting from Franklin Leopoldo e Silva’s reflections, we will seek to recover some fragments of the Maria Antônia event to understand it in its historical density, that is, as a concrete experience marked by the experience of belonging to the present time and as a transgression of the established limits. After that, we will try to reflect on the ambiguity of this experience as an “opening up of possibilities” and “loss of the as-yet-unrealized”. This consideration will lead us to (...) question “presentism” and the adaptation phenomenon that is inherent to it, thus proposing a critical re-elaboration of the relations between past and present, that is, of the historical experience, from which the Maria Antônia event could be updated from the perspective of a critique of the present. (shrink)

This chapter analyses how natural contingency refers both to the planning and the execution aspects of divine providence. For doing so, Silva contrasts the perspectives of some current trends within science and religion circles to find natural causal gaps in the created order to allow for God’s providence, with a typically Thomist approach within classical theistic circles. Silva suggests that classical theism offers a better understanding of the relation between natural contingency and divine providence than those who search (...) for scientific spaces for God to guide creation towards its goals. In regards to the planning, Silva argues that God’s providence includes in its planning the achieving of the divine goals even by means of created, contingent in their action, natural things causing indeterministically. God’s goals include those contingent effects because they are ordered to new good things in creation. This is the Thomist idea to express that God, through not intended effects (be it contingent or even evil events), can bring about new good things to creation. In regards to the execution of that planning, Silva argues first that, contrary to some positions that see God acting in the a-causal indeterministic spaces provided by contemporary science, a causal understanding of indeterminism that distinguishes between causation and determinism, allows for truly contingent happenings within the created natural world. Then Silva shows how, by complementing these ideas with the doctrine of primary and secondary causation, at least as understood by Thomas Aquinas, one may offer an explanation of how God’s providence is involved in the whole of creation. Thus, even by means of created, indeterministic natural causes (that can be described as deficient instruments), God achieves his goals and intentions by causing them to cause indeterministically. (shrink)